8.869 grams per cubic centimeter approximately. Some 1982 pennies are made of bronze alloy (pre1982) and some are copper plated zinc (post 1982). The change was made at the beginning of 1982 after some pennies had already been struck.
3.1 grams
Edit by Freedom: Actually the density is 8.6 grams/milliliter. 3.1 grams is the mass.
Pennies that are made before 1982 are more likely to have been made with more copper in them. This will make them more dense.
Specific heat capacity is heat capacity per unit mass. So it depends on the exact alloy composity of your penny, and not on its size.In a typical US post-1962 penny, the specific heat capacity is about .39 kJ/kgKIn a US penny from 1864-1962, the specific heat capacity would be a little less than this. The same was true from 1837-1857.From 1793-1837, the specific heat capacity was about .39 kJ/kgK.
Ex Post Facto (also called Causal Comparative Research) is useful whenever: • We have two groups which differ on an independent variable and we want to test hypotheses about differences on one or more dependent variables OR • We have two groups which already differ on a dependent variable and we want to test hypotheses about differences on one or more independent variables
post a complete thought and you might get an answer
Post offices.
a screw.
1972 has no significance in terms of changes in penny densities. The US Mint did not change the composition of its penny between 1909 to 1982, so any pennies from within this time period would have the same density. Pennies from this time period all contained the same proportions of metals (95% copper, 5% zinc.) Coins from post-switch 1982 to present day are minted of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper. Copper's density is ~8.9g/cm3 while zinc's density is ~7.1g/cm3. Considering the relative compositions of each version of the penny, the post-1982 penny would be the less dense penny, and the pre-1982 penny would be the more dense of the two.
If by formula you mean composition, a post-1982 penny is 97.5% Zinc and 2.5% Copper by mass.
Next to none. Post-1982 pennies are only plated with copper, they are mostly zinc. The amount of copper on a post-1982 penny is miniscule and costs more to remove than melt value is.
Copper coated zinc
5.5 grams/cm3
Alchemy is the only way to turn a penny into silver. But post-1982 cents are zinc coated with a thin layer of copper and it is possible to remove it chemically which gives a silvery appearance. However, such a penny is NOT silver, is NOT worth any more than 1 cent.
the penny post was invented in 1888
The switch to zinc was made over the course of 1982, so there's no third variety in the middle.
Prior to 1982, 95% Copper, 5% tin and zinc, with the exception of the 1943's. Post 1982 = 99.2% zinc, 0.8% copper.
Pre-1982 pennies are made of bronze, which is 95% copper plus 5% tin and/or zinc. Post-1982 pennies are zinc with a thin coating of copper.
Wheat penny's range in value from one cent to more than $1,000.00. Please be more specific and post new question.
If it's not a Wheat penny, it's not a US coin. A lot more information is needed, post new question.