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The cartridges are similar, but not identical. Differences include:

  • Slight variations in neck diameter
  • Slight variations in base diameter (.378 inches for the 5.56 vs. .376 inches for the .223)
  • Variations in the neck angle
  • Pressure rating (380 MPa for the .223 vs. 430 MPa for the 5.56)
  • Case thickness

You can safely fire .223 rounds in a 5.56 rifle, but it is not advisable to fire 5.56 rounds in a dedicated .223 rifle.

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Q: What is the difference between 556 Caliber and 223 caliber?
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