http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_Centralized_System_and_Distributed_System_as_far_as_operating_system_data_replicability_system_memory_and_homogeinity_are_concerned"
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In centralised tasks are done by one system and in distributed tasks are shared by the many computers
Distributed and Centralized Databases Distributed data is defined as collection of logically distributed database which are connected with each other through a network. A distributed database management system is used for managing distributed database. Each side has its own database and operating system.A centralized database has all its data on one place. As it is totally different from distributed database which has data on different places. In centralized database as all the data reside on one place so problem of bottle-neck can occur, and data availability is not efficient as in distributed database. Let me define some advantages of distributed database, it will clear the difference between centralized and distributed database.Users can issue commands from any location to access data and it does not affect the working of database. Distributed database allows us to store one copy of data at different locations. Its advantage is that if a user wants to access data then the nearest site (location) will provide data so it takes less time.There are multiple sites (computers) in a distributed database so if one site fails then system will not be useless, because other sites can do their job because as I earlier said that same copy of data is installed on every location. You will not find this thing in centralized database.Any time new nodes (computers) can be added to the network without any difficulty.Users do not know about the physical storage of data and it is known as distribution transparency, as we know that ideally, a DBMS must not show the details of where each file is stored or we can say that a DBMS should be distribution transparent.
between centralized and decentralized payroll
Reproducibility in scientific research refers to the ability to obtain the same results using the same data and methods, while replicability refers to the ability to obtain similar results using different data and methods. Reproducibility focuses on the same experiment being repeated, while replicability focuses on the same results being achieved through different means.
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the difference between centralized and decentralized purchasing system of organization is that in a centralized structure all the decision making and authority are focused on the top tier or management
supercomputers allows both parallel and distributed computing
All the web applications are distributed but not vice versa...
The difference between distributed system and multiprocessor system is whether the processing units in the system share the main memory. If yes, then the system is multiprocessor system; otherwise, it's a distributed system.
·A nested transaction is a transaction that is logically decomposed into a hierarchy of sub transaction. A distributed transaction is logically a flat, indivisible transaction that operates on distributed data.
Centralized computing is computing done at a central location, using terminals that are attached to a central computer. The computer itself may control all the peripherals directly (if they are physically connected to the central computer), or they may be attached via a terminal server. Alternatively, if the terminals have the capability, they may be able to connect to the central computer over the network. The terminals may be text terminals or thin clients, for example.