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The seven distinctions between authority and influence are as a following:

1. Authority is the static,structural aspect of power in organizations; influence is the dynamic tactical element.

2. Authority is the formal aspect of power; influence is the informal aspect.

3. Authority refers to the formally sanctioned right to make final decision; influence is not sanctioned by the organization and is therefore, not a matter of organization rights.

4. Authority implies involuntary submission by subordinates; influence implies voluntary submission and does not necessarily entail a superior - subordinate relationship.

5. Authority flows downward, and it is unidirectional; influence is multi directional and can flow upward, downward, or horizontally.

6. Authority source is solely structural; influence source may be personal characteristics, expertise or opportunity.

7. Authority is circumscribed, that the domain, scope, and legitimacy of the power are specifically and clearly delimited; influence is uncircumscribed, that's, its domain, scope, and legitimacy are typically ambiguous. (Bush, 2011, pp. 108,109)

Salah Meemar

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