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conservation tillage
primary tillage refers to tillage after harvesting or on virgin piece of land where soil is inverted and plant residues and sometimes manure/ fertilizer is added. On the other hand, secondary tillage is done after primary tillage and it involves breaking the soil particles into smaller pieces and sometimes includes formation of rows for planting.
With conventional tillage (complete turning over of the soil), the bare soil is exposed to the erosive action of water, which, in many areas is the major route of soil loss. Under conservation tillage, the crop residue buffers the raindrops' energy, so water has less erosive force when it reaches the soil. This protection by residue, along with the rougher surface provided by the residue facilitates infiltration and decreases runoff -- runoff that carries soil and nutrients with it. In addition, macropores, which are the major route for water movement through soil, get disrupted in the surface 15-20 cm of soil by conventional tillage, but remain intact under conservation tillage. Improved macropore development also enhances water infiltration and decreases water runoff. Conservation tillage thus can also conserve water and fertilizers. http://people.oregonstate.edu/~muirp/constill.htm
They protect crops from insect damage, reducing the need for pesticides.
Minimum tillage which is a soil tillage to approximately depth of 10 cm by means of cultivars and reduced tillage which is also includes deeper cultivation but not to the plough depth (Davies, et al., 2006).
conservation tillage
Conservation Tillage and Wind breaks
Charles R Fenster has written: 'Conservation tillage for wheat in the Great Plains' -- subject(s): Conservation of natural resources, Wheat, Tillage
Horst Vogel has written: 'Conservation tillage in Zimbabwe' -- subject(s): Cropping systems, Agricultural conservation, Sustainable agriculture, Small farmers, Conservation tillage 'Bodenerosion im Terrassenfeldbau' -- subject(s): Soil erosion, Terracing
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The objective of primary tillage is to attain a reasonable depth of soft soil, incorporate crop residues, kill weeds, and to aerate the soil. Secondary tillage is any subsequent tillage, to incorporate fertilizers, reduce the soil to a finer tilth, level the surface, or control weeds.
Conservation tillage systems leave at least 30 percent crop residue after planting and minimize water runoff and soil. The practices can stave soil erosion by as much as 90 percent.
David B Beasley has written: 'Tri-state tillage project' -- subject(s): Conservation tillage
Hanspeter Liniger has written: 'The influence of cultivation on the soil moisture regime' -- subject(s): Soil moisture, Tillage 'Approach and constraints for the implementation of water conservation in the Laikipia highlands' -- subject(s): Congresses, Dry farming, Conservation tillage, Mulching, Water conservation, Agroforestry
A Cropping System is a general term that describes how a producer might grow a crop. A basic distinction is between conventional tillage & conservation tillage. Conservation tillage systems are methods of soil tillage which leave a minimum of 30% of crop residue on the soils surface with small grain residue during the critical soil erosion period. This slows water movement, which reduces the amount of soil erosion & benefits farmers through significant savings in fuel & labor. Conventional tillage refers to tillage operations considered standard for a specific location of crop & tend to bury the crop residues; usually considered as a base for determining the cost effectiveness of erosion control practices.
primary tillage refers to tillage after harvesting or on virgin piece of land where soil is inverted and plant residues and sometimes manure/ fertilizer is added. On the other hand, secondary tillage is done after primary tillage and it involves breaking the soil particles into smaller pieces and sometimes includes formation of rows for planting.
With conventional tillage (complete turning over of the soil), the bare soil is exposed to the erosive action of water, which, in many areas is the major route of soil loss. Under conservation tillage, the crop residue buffers the raindrops' energy, so water has less erosive force when it reaches the soil. This protection by residue, along with the rougher surface provided by the residue facilitates infiltration and decreases runoff -- runoff that carries soil and nutrients with it. In addition, macropores, which are the major route for water movement through soil, get disrupted in the surface 15-20 cm of soil by conventional tillage, but remain intact under conservation tillage. Improved macropore development also enhances water infiltration and decreases water runoff. Conservation tillage thus can also conserve water and fertilizers. http://people.oregonstate.edu/~muirp/constill.htm