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Sequential allocation refers specifically to arrays. An array is, by definition, a contiguous block of memory. The index of the array is used as an offset from the memory address of the beginning of the array - this is why access to any element in an array takes a constant amount of time to compute.

"Linked allocation" is best described by linked lists. These data structures are connected by a series of nodes. A node contains at least two pieces of information: some piece of data and a reference (link) to the next node in the chain. Since changing the position of a node in a linked list only requires changing references to other nodes, insertion and deletion is trivial. Note that these "referential" linked data structures are not the only way to link data, just the easiest to understand and implement.

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