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MgCl2 is the correct formula, or two atoms of Cl for each 1 atom of Mg. You could also say 2 moles of Cl atoms for every 1 mole of Mg atoms. The empirical formula should be written with the subscripts in lowest whole number terms.

Note that this formula is consistent with the fact that an Mg cation is Mg+2 and a Cl anion is Cl-1. Given these charges, a formula of MgCl2 is the one with the smallest whole number subscripts that will allow the charge of the compound to be zero.

See related question below for more details on how to find empirical formulas.

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How law of constant proportion is applied in experiment empirical formula of magnesium oxide?

The law of constant proportion states that a chemical compound always contains its constituent elements in fixed ratio by mass. In the experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide, magnesium is burned in oxygen, resulting in magnesium oxide. By measuring the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen reacted, the ratio of these two elements can be calculated. This ratio reflects the law of constant proportion, allowing the empirical formula of magnesium oxide to be determined, typically represented as MgO.


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