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The kidneys are organs with several functions.

They are an essential part of the urinary system and also control the balance of: electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, and regulation of blood pressure.

They filter the blood, and remove wastes which are diverted to the urinary bladder. In producing urine, the kidneys excrete wastes such as urea and ammonium; the kidneys also are responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose, and amino acids.

The kidneys also produce hormones including calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin.

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