There are permanent, semi-permanent and temporary research stations on Antarctica. The number of permanent stations exceeds 40, on a continent that covers 10% of the surface of Earth.
From the permanent stations, seasonal/ semi-permanent and temporary research stations are established as needed.
Early explorers funded their expeditions with contributions from the scientific community in their home countries. One could say that the first over-winter expedition in 1899 in the Bellinghausen Sea was an established research station.
Most research stations are located along Antarctica's coasts, with the notable exceptions of Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, supported by USA, and Vostok Research Station, located at the Pole of Inaccessibility, supported by Russia.
Most research stations on Antarctica are located along the coasts. This is because access to the continent is available from the sea to these places. Exceptions include the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, supported by the US National Science Foundation, and Vostok Research Station, supported by the Russian Antarctic Programme. Both are significantly inland.
McMurdo Station, Operated by the United States
Indian scientific research center in antarctica are dakshin gangotri and maitri.
All research stations are important.
You can review the list, below, to learn more about the stations.
There are no commercial ski operations in Antarctica. Skiing there is dangerous, because there is so little medical support in the case of an accident. However, some research stations allow cross-country skiing on marked trails near the research stations.
Yes. Some research stations grow edible food in hydroponic labs.
There are no 'settlements' in Antarctica. There are, however, research stations. Most are unplanned with a collection of buildings established on an irregular basis to accommodate some scientific requirement.
Antarctica has no cities. There are some permanent scientific stations.
The National Science Foundation -- representing the United States of America in Antarctica -- supports three permanent research stations on the continent, namely:Amundsen-Scott South Pole StationMcMurdo StationPalmer StationThe foundation supports other stations that operate during the austral summer, some of which are temporary.
Some nations' scientific research stations are supported by military logistics teams, which may include a 'soldier'.
Antarctica is the only uninhabited continent. While it has research stations, there are no indigenous inhabitants and no permanent residents.
Flowers live on all continents except Antarctica (at least on regular land... some research stations operate indoor greenhouses there).
Different research stations accommodate waste in different ways. Some stations burn combustible rubbish and then load all other waste on ships to be exported to the home country.
The continent of Antarctica is neither rich nor poor. About thirty countries maintain some seventy research stations, with an approximate scientific population of 4,000 in summer and 1,000 in winter.
Food is shipped to the continent either by ship or by airplane. Some research stations grow consumables -- lettuce, tomatoes and spices -- in hydroponic systems.
At some point during the year, all active stations sport human populations. Several research stations are occupied all year. You can review the list below and read the 'Open' column, to learn when particular stations are occupied.