"Obstructing an officer" is pretty nebulous. If you're being really obstructive, you might be charged with "accessory after the fact" or something, which in some jurisdictions means that the entire range of sentencing for the crime itself, up to and including the death penalty, is on the table (US Federal law limits this to a prison term of up to 15 years for cases where the crime itself carries the death penalty).
The official penalty is usually about one year in prison, but often just 3 years probation and a fine.
5-10 years
Yes, up to 30 days
FELONY offense.
Penalties from state to state differ greatly. For a first offense DWI, chances are the sentence will be reduced to probation, a revoked license, and a fine.
No, not automatically. It is a 5-yard penalty. If the penalty moves the ball past the line to gain, then it is a first down.
A throw-in is not a penalty kick offense. It is a normal method of restarting play.
yes
Yes. Regardless of whether the penalty yards would be enough for a first down, any personal foul penalty on the defense results in an automatic first down for the offense.
ten years
No
There are many ways one can get a penalty abatement from the IRS. One can get a penalty abatement from the IRS if they call the penalty correspondence team and request a first time offense case warning instead.
Depends on the offense and state you reside. If it's a misdemeanor for example, you may be booked, released OR with a court date or simply fined. Specify offense and state for possible penalty.