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A #1 copper conductor with an insulation rating of 90 degrees C is rated at 145 amps.
The wire that is used for connecting the ground rod or plate to the electrical distribution is governed by the size of the electriclal distribution. In Canada a #6 bare copper is the minimum size for a 200 amp service.
Answer for USA, Canada and countries running a 60 Hertz supply service.CEC states that a #3 bare copper conductor is a common grounding conductor size for a 200 amp service panel and it is the minium size for service raceway and service equipment of 400 amps.
Notes: 1. Where multiple sets of service-entrance conductors are used as permitted in Section 230-40, Exception No. 2, the equivalent size of the largest service-entrance conductor shall be determined by the largest sum of the areas of the corresponding conductors of each set. 2. Where there are no service-entrance conductors, the grounding electrode conductor size shall be determined by the equivalent size of the largest service-entrance conductor required for the load to be served. 1 This table also applies to the derived conductors of separately derived ac systems. 2 See installation restrictions in Section 250-64(a).
For service sizes of 100 amps and less a #8 bare copper conductor is required.
This answer is taken from the CEC. Table 17 states minimum size of grounding conductors. For a service conductor drawing 400 amps a #3 copper grounding conductor is needed. Also see rules 10-206, 10-700 and 10-812 if you have access to the code book.
The sizing of conduit systems that wire has to be pulled into is dependant on the physical size of the conductor being drawn into the conduit. The second governing factor is the conductor count of the specific conductor that is needed. A 500 MCM copper conductor with an insulation factor of 90 degrees C is rated at 430 amps. This is where the conductor count is need by the service, as to whether the service is single or three phase. In this specific case, the electrical code will allow both single and three phase installations to use the same size conduit. A maximum total of four 500 MCM conductors can be drawn into a 78 mm diameter conduit.
2 AWG Aluminum.
A #6 copper ground conductor would be needed.
A 100 amp residential service requires a size #8 copper wire, it should be insulated in green.
For a 400 amp service entrance, a grounding conductor of at least 3/0 AWG (American Wire Gauge) copper or 250 kcal (thousand circular mils) aluminum is required, in compliance with electrical codes and regulations. However, specific requirements may vary based on local codes and the specific conditions of the installation, so it's important to consult with a qualified electrician or refer to the applicable building codes for precise guidance.
A conductor used for grounding of the main service should be a single wire. The code book has a table that states the size of ground wire for different service panel amperages.