Retrograde motion happens when the Earth overtakes an outer planet in its orbit. It happens around the date of Opposition when the planet is opposite the Sun in the sky. Usually planets travel from west to east along the ecliptic, but during retrograde motion they travel backwards, from east to west,.
It is called retrograde or cyclical retrograde.
You are correct in saying 'appears to' as the planet does not actually reverse direction, it is from the observers viewpoint that this apparently happens.
When a planet appears to reverse their direction in travel it is called retrograde.
They are in a retrograde rotation (clockwise from above the north pole). The two examples in our solar system include Venus and Uranus.
This is called retrograde rotation. Within our solar system, the planets of Venus and Uranus have retrograde rotation.
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Retrograde motion
The view of planets is caused by paralax.
All planets that rotate in our solar system will see apparent sun rise and sun set There are no planets that are stationary not to view the apparent sun rise and sun set.
Epicycles helped account for the apparent motion of the other planets in the geocentric model.
to explain the motion of planets, especially the phenomenon of retrograde motion where planets appear to temporarily reverse their direction of motion. Ref: Andrew Liddle "An Introduction to modern Cosmology".
The ancient Greeks called planets 'wanderers' because they appear to move through ther skies in relation to the 'fixed' stars. The apparent movement is because the planets are much closer to the Earth than the stars, and all planets rotate around the Sun, thus all move in relation to each other.
There are now 8 recognized planets in our Solar System (Pluto is no longer considered a planet); if you want planets other than Earth, that leaves only 7. Since the Earth rotates approximately once every 24 hours, these 7 planets are sometimes above us, sometimes below.
The earth never reverses direction, nor does any other planet. The APPARENT reversal of direction of some other planets, as seen from earth, is called retrograde motion.
Apparent motion of the planets.
the inner planets are sometimes called Terrestrial Planets
The Sun's apparent motion among the stars is from West to East - just like the motion of the Moon, and the predominant motion of the planets (planets sometimes go from East to West, too - in this case they are said to be retrograde).
All planets that rotate in our solar system will see apparent sun rise and sun set There are no planets that are stationary not to view the apparent sun rise and sun set.
it gives planets sun
YES. There are several meanings to "retrograde" in astronomy. In this case, I am assuming you mean the apparent "backwards" orbital motion of a planet that is sometimes seen. This is very obvious in the case of Mars. Also, all the outer planets show this "apparent retrograde motion". It's easy to forget, but Mercury and Venus also show this behaviour, but in a slightly different way.
mercurys motion can be like any other planets motion
terrestrial planets
All the planets move constantly in their orbits around the Sun, so the apparent positions of the planets in the sky is also constantly changing. I recommend the Stellarium planetarium program.
Dwarf planets
They are sometimes called "major planets" to distinguish them from the "minor planets" (the asteroids) and "dwarf planets" like Pluto.