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The lens focuses the light on the retina. If your lenses are too short, the light is focused in front of the retina, making you nearsighted (myopic). If your lenses are too long, the focal point is past the retina, making you farsighted. Most people need reading glasses eventually, even if their eyesight has been perfect, because with age the lens loses flexibility, which means it cannot shorten to accomodate close vision, so glasses are needed to correct this.

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