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What is the purpose of a differential?

Updated: 10/20/2022
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A differential divides torque between the two tires equally at all times while allowing for a difference in speed between the two wheels.

Do not confuse the ring and pinion for the differential. The differential is made up of the pinion gears (also called spider gears), the cross shaft, and side gears have splines that mate with the axle shaft splines.

Example, if you had a 4.11 gear ratio with a torque input of 100 foot pounds and 100 rpm's at the ring gear. Each tire would split 411 foot lbs equally while turning at 100 rpm's. If you were in a slight turn and the inside wheel turned at 80 rpm you would add the reduction in rpm to the other wheel and it would be turning at 120 rpm. Each wheel gets the same rpm when going straight and when one is turning slower the rpm's from that wheel always gets added to the faster wheel

Another example, if one wheel was spinning with the same inputs as above and one was not spinning. Each wheel is still dividing the torque evenly but the wheel that is spinning is getting all the rpm's and would be spinning at 200 rpm.

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