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What is the relation between stiffness hardness brittleness ductile rigidity and toughness?
Wiki User
∙ 8y ago
Brittleness is the ability of a material to resist permanent deformations while stiffness is the ability of a material to resist elastic (nonpermanent) deformations.
For example, wood, which can bend, is elastic (not stiff) but brittle because you cannot permanently bend wood without compromising the material.
In comparison, steel is highly ductile (nonbrittle) because it can be bent or stretched under load without failure. Thus, even a permanent deformation up to 25% would not result in reduced strenght. It is also less elastic than wood, because it can not bend much without causing a permanent deformation.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
Wiki User
∙ 8y agoAll of these relate to qualities of solids, especially metals. In ordinary language,
- Stiffness is the resistance of the solid to bending. So is rigidity.
- Hardness is the resistance of the solid to being impressed by some other solid. If you strike the solid with another solid, a hard solid will not dent or change shape.
- Brittleness is the likelihood of the solid to break if it is bent.
- Ductility is the ability of the solid to be drawn out into a string or wire. Melted mozzarella cheese is very ductile.
- Toughness is a vague term which can include rigidity, hardness and lack of brittleness.
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What does the term toughness mean in relation to materials?
It is referring to whether the material tears, rips, or breaks easily. If it is tough material it is strong.
Is there a relationship between density and stiffness?
the natural frequency of a system involves a equation relating mass and stiffness i.e f=1/2pi root of k/m where f : frequency k :stiffness m:mass mass is nothing but density*volume from the relation density = mass/volume another relation may be from the basic force equation f=-k*x we know f=m*a substuting for f we get m*a=-k*x
What is the relation between power factor and frequency for purpose of parallel operation of alternator?
No relation is there power factor is a unit less quantity.
What relation and relation schema?
Relational Schema refers to meta-data elements which are used to describe structures and constraints of data representing a particular http://wiki.answers.com/Describe_the_differences_in_meaning_between_the_terms_relation_and_relation_schema#. Whereas a relation is a property or predicate that ranges over more than one argumentHere's some translation from "Relational Algebra" to http://wiki.answers.com/Describe_the_differences_in_meaning_between_the_terms_relation_and_relation_schema#terminology:"Relation" = Table."Relation Schema" = Table definition.So for example, the "schema" for the Person "relation" is: Person(FirstName, LastName, Age, Gender, Address)Also in relational Algebra, a "tuple" is a table row, and an "attribute" is a table column.
Difference between research discovery and invention?
Research is finding relation between founded items new relation but invent finding out of new points or things.
What is the relation between density and hardness?
density has to do with the molecular structure and molecular mass. hardness is the compacting value of the molecules inside the object. PREFFERABLY PLUTONIUN!!
What does the term toughness mean in relation to materials?
It is referring to whether the material tears, rips, or breaks easily. If it is tough material it is strong.
What is correlation between tablet hardness unit N and Kp?
tablet hardness units Kp and N has co-relation as below. Kp (kiloponds) = 10 N (Newton)
Is there a relationship between density and stiffness?
the natural frequency of a system involves a equation relating mass and stiffness i.e f=1/2pi root of k/m where f : frequency k :stiffness m:mass mass is nothing but density*volume from the relation density = mass/volume another relation may be from the basic force equation f=-k*x we know f=m*a substuting for f we get m*a=-k*x
What is the relation between hardness and conductivity?
Resistivity R is the inverse of conductivity G, R=1/G.
What is the scratch table of rocks and minerals?
The scratch table is called the Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness and measures the hardness of minerals in relation to the known hardest (diamond) and softest (talc) minerals.
Is there any relation between HGI and grade of coal?
YES, there is a relation between HGI and coal quality. HGI is the parameter to indicate the hardness or grindability of the coal when it is used in pulverized coal for boiler
How hard is a hockey puck?
Hardness is a characteristic of a solid material expressing its resistance to permanent deformation. Hardness can be measured on the Mohs scale or various other scales. Some of the other scales used for indentation hardness in engineering---Rockwell, Vickers, and Brinell---can be compared using practical conversion tables. When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates linearly with tensile strength. This important relation permits economically important nondestructive testing of bulk metal deliveries with lightweight, even portable equipment, such as hand-held Rockwell hardness testers. [1] Hardness increases with decreasing particle size. This is known as the Hall-Petch relationship. However, below a critical grain-size, hardness decreases with decreasing grain size. This is known as the inverse Hall-Petch effect. It is important to note that hardness of a material to deformation is dependent on its microdurability or small-scale shear modulus in any direction, not to any rigidity or stiffness properties such as its bulk modulus or Young's modulus. Scientists and journalists often confuse stiffness for hardness,[2][3] and spuriously report materials that are not actually harder than diamond because the anisotropy of their solid cells compromise hardness in other dimensions, resulting in a material prone to spalling and flaking in squamose or acicular habits in that dimension (e.g., osmium is stiffer than diamond but only as hard as quartz). In other words, a claimed hard material should have similar hardness characteristics at any location on its surface. In mineralogy, hardness commonly refers to a material's ability to penetrate softer materials. An object made of a hard material will scratch an object made of a softer material. Scratch hardness is usually measured on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. One tool to make this measurement is the sclerometer. Pure diamond is the hardest readily-available natural mineral substance and will scratch any other natural material. Diamond is therefore used to cut other diamonds; in particular, higher-grade diamonds are used to cut lower-grade diamonds. The hardest substance known today is aggregated diamond nanorods - a nanocrystalline form of diamond. Estimates from proposed molecular structure indicate the hardness of beta carbon nitride should also be greater than diamond (but less than aggregated diamond nanorods). This material has not yet been successfully synthesized. For a list of materials harder than diamond, see Diamond#Materials harder than diamond. Indentation hardness tests are primarily used in engineering and metallurgy fields. The tests work on the basic premise of measuring the critical dimensions of an indentation left by a specifically dimensioned and loaded indenter. Also known as dynamic hardness, rebound hardness measures the height of the "bounce" of a diamond-tipped hammer dropped from a fixed height onto a material. The device used to take this measurement is known as a scleroscope In solid mechanics, solids generally have three responses to force, depending on the amount of force and the type of material: They exhibit elasticity---the ability to temporarily change shape, but return to the original shape when the pressure is removed. "Hardness" in the elastic range---a small temporary change in shape for a given force---is known as stiffness in the case of a given object, or a high elastic modulus in the case of a material. They exhibit plasticity---the ability to permanently change shape in response to the force, but remain in one piece. The yield strength is the point at which elastic deformation gives way to plastic deformation. Deformation in the plastic range is non-linear, and is described by the stress-strain curve. This response produces the observed properties of scratch and indentation hardness, as described and measured in materials science. Some materials exhibit both elasticity and viscosity when undergoing plastic deformation; this is called viscoelasticity. They fracture---split into two or more pieces. Strength is a measure of the extent of a material's elastic range, or elastic and plastic ranges together. This is quantified as compressive strength, shear strength, tensile strength depending on the direction of the forces involved. Ultimate strength is an engineering measure of the maximum load a part of a specific material and geometry can withstand. Brittleness, in technical usage, is the tendency of a material to fracture with very little or no detectable deformation beforehand. Thus in technical terms, a material can be both brittle and strong. In everyday usage "brittleness" usually refers to the tendency to fracture under a small amount of force, which exhibits both brittleness and a lack of strength (in the technical sense). For perfectally brittle materials, yield strength and ultimate strength are the same, because they do not experience detectable plastic deformation. The opposite of brittleness is ductility. The toughness of a material is the maximum amount of energy it can absorb before fracturing, which is different than the amount of force that can be applied. Toughness tends to be small for brittle materials, because it is elastic and plastic deformations that allow materials to absorb large amounts of energy. Materials whose properties are different in different directions (because of an asymmetrical crystal structure) are referred to as anisotropic
What is the hardness of calcite on the MOHS hardness scale?
No one seems to know how hard scandium is on the mohs hardness scale (believe me i looked everywhere and they all say N/A) but i did manage to find it's hardness on the Brinell hardness scale. On the Brinell hardness scale it is 750 MPa. If you find how hard it is on the mohs scale please revise my awnser to also include that.
What is the working principle of hardness tester?
Its basically like sonar. Sending a signal and bouncing it back through the material will vary in time it takes to receive the PING. The longer it takes to receive the PING, the harder the material.Another Answer:The common hardness test is the Indent Test. This test is used in relation to the Rockwell Hardness Scale. The instrument holds a probe called an Indenter. The machine is like a press that pushes the Indenter into the material at a known force. The depth of the indentation made in the material is a measure of its hardness on the Rockwell Hardness Scale.
Is there a relation between a rock toughness and its age?
Toughness is not an ideal descriptive term when it comes to rocks, but there is a correlation between age and the degree of breakability, crumbliness, or friability. The longer a rock has been exposed to erosive elements like acidic rainwater, freezing, heat from the sun, etc., the more it has been subjected to a weakening of the bonds created by mineral structures. It all goes back to the rock cycle, the continual transformation of one material into another.
What do you use the Mohs scale of hardness for?
#1 - Talc #2 - Gypsum #3 - Calcite #4 - Flourite #5 - Apatite #6 - Orthoclase Feldspar #7 - Quartz #8 - Topaz #9 - Corundum #10 - Diamond
