measured in Calories, Btu, Joules, ...
Ohm is a unit of measurement for resistance. The term ohm was named after a German physicist named Georg Simon Ohm.
If measuring heat, a BTU measures the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of a pound of water to 1º Fahrenheit. In terms of air conditioning, the BTU determines the amount of heat the unit can remove from the room. As the BTU rating increases, so does the size, weight and cost of the unit.
The standard measuring unit for resistance is ohm.
The unit for electrical current is the ampere.
Electron flow is known as current. SI unit is Ampere
A unit, for measuring mass (or in imprecise language) weight.
The Rydberg unit.
specific quantity
Well there are quite a few for example calories, joules and kilojoules.
natural gas
The difference between quantity and unit in "16 pounds" is the unit is pounds and the quantity is 16.
The SI unit of heat is the Joule. It can also be measured in a calorimeter, where one calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
Poise is a measuring unit of Viscosity.
A kilogram is a unit of measuring weight.
A unit is what we measure something in. It helps us know both what is being measured, and the scale that is being measured. For example, if the unit is an inch, then we're measuring the length of something relatively small. If the unit is a lightyear, then we're measuring the distance of something huge (most likely the space between things in outer space).
The customary unit is called the Btu, or British thermal unit. The metric unit is the joule. The joule is the standard metric unit for measuring any type of energy, including heat.
A somewhat imprecise method of measuring a pepper's heat is via the "scoville unit", a more precise method of measuring heat is via HPCL and will give the concentration of the active heat producing compounds called capsaicins.