What is working principle of UTM?

Answer 1

The Universal Testing Machine (UTM) operates by applying a controlled force to a test specimen to determine its mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, compressive strength, and elongation. It typically consists of a load frame, a testing chamber, and a load cell to measure the force applied. The specimen is placed between two grips, and the machine either stretches or compresses it until failure occurs, while recording the force and displacement data. This data is then used to generate stress-strain curves, which help in analyzing the material's behavior under different loading conditions.