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The top layer of soil, known as the topsoil, is composed of a mixture of organic matter, minerals, water, air, and living organisms like bacteria and fungi. It is the most fertile layer of soil and is crucial for supporting plant growth.

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1y ago

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What are soil levels made up of and how deep are they?

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What is the layer in which all soil sits?

Soil scientists divide soil into horizons based on depth and soil make up. The O horizon, the very top layer right under the grass, is where the top soil is. This is the soil that is critical to human life.


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The soil layer that acts like a sponge to bring water up to the top for plants and crops is the topsoil. Topsoil is rich in organic matter and has a high water-holding capacity, allowing it to retain moisture and make it available to plant roots. This layer is important for sustaining plant growth and ensuring proper water uptake.


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