threshold
Motor
excitatory message
Because it didnt have a stimulus to activate depolarization
opposite of an afferent neuron. an efferent neuron goes from the central nervous system to the organ in the body that will perform the required action.
Because it didnt have a stimulus to activate depolarization
Synaptic transmission, also called neurotransmission, refers to the process wherein neurotransmitters are released by a neuron to activate the receptors of another neuron. Communication between two nerve cells is accomplished by synaptic transmission.
An action potential needs to occur to trigger the neurons but the action potential depends on whether a stimulus is able to bring the membrane potential to a certain level termed the THRESHOLD. This threshold is about -55 mV for most neurons, but the stimulus needs to bring the membrane potential to this certain level or it will not be triggered. Relating to the ALL-OR-NONE PRINCIPLE, which if the threshold is not acquired then an action potential will not occur but once a stimulus is strong enough to depolarize (making the inside of the cell less negative going from -70 mV to -55 mV) it will trigger. The resting potential is -70 mV which the stimulus needs to bring it up to -55mV.
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Diverging circuits
Signalling ALONG a neuron is electrical, but signalling BETWEEN neurons is a chemical process. Neuron A 'passes' a message onto the next by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters , which are then taken up by neuron B. The point at which these neurotransmitters are released from the neuron A is called the 'terminal bouton' and is the end of its axon. More specifically, it is the presynaptic membrane OF the terminal bouton at which the passing on of a message occurs.
The nervous system is composed of many cells called neurons, these are essentially the functional units of the nervous system. ?Neurotrnasmitters are chemical messengers that are sent from one neuron to another neuron. ?So basically they are messangers communicating from one neuron to the next. ?Some neurotransmitters are excitatory which act to help activate a neuron, some neurotransmitters are inhibitory and act to reduce excitement of a neuron. ?Many many neurotransmitters will act on a neuron at a given time and the sum total will result in either an excitation or inhibition of that neuron. ?Examples of neurotransmitters include GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, ?glycine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, melatonin, substance P, and many more!
The Inter-neuron (also known as the local circuit neuron, relay neuron or the association neuron) is the neuron which connects the afferent and the efferent neurons in the neural pathways.