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An Aurora Australis or an Aurora Borealis occurs when streams of particles from the sun's solar winds hit the earth's atmosphere at an angle (as can only happen at the poles). These particles interact with the edges of the earth's magnetic field and when they collide with the gases in the ionosphere, the particles glow creating curtains of blue, green and magenta. An aurora is sometimes accompanied by a crackling sound.
A thing called scattering occurs when particles and gasses in the atmosphere disperse light in all directions
auroras
auroras
auroras
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auroras
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auroras
An aurora occurs when charged particles of the sun excite the electrons of atoms in Earth's atmosphere. The moon does not have an atmosphere.
That would be evaporation; the particles inside the liquid escape from the surface and into the atmosphere/air.
The process of scattering occurs when small particles and gas molecules diffuse part of the incoming solar radiation in random directions without any alteration to the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy. This factor also causes our sky to look blue because this color corresponds to those wavelengths that are best diffused. If scattering did not occur in our atmosphere the daylight sky would be black.
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