There is no adjective. But the phrase "by the oven" would likely be an adjective prepositional phrase.
In a sentence, "by the oven" would be considered a prepositional phrase. The word "by" alone is a preposition, the word "the" alone is an article, and the word "oven" alone is a noun.
part of speech
Adjective
What part of speech is thaw
The part of speech for oscillate is verb.
An adjective is a part of speech.
"Preheat" is a verb, as in, "Go preheat the oven, please." Preheat is a noun, as in, "The label next to the oven knob said, 'Preheat' ".
The part of speech for "answer" is a noun.
part of speech
The part of speech for this particular word is a noun.
adverb
what part of speech is work
what part of speech is beneath
The part of speech for "explicit" is an adjective.
The part of speech for "indefinite" is an adjective.
The part of speech for "buried" is a verb.
The part of speech for "rapid" is an adjective.
The part of speech for "twirl" is a verb.