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Control is probably not the correct word to use for this question.

Involuntary muscle movements originate from and are mediated by areas at the base of the brain, but the brain is circuited.

There are different types of involuntary movement. For example, you can experience the involuntary movement of muscles which normally are under voluntary control - twitches, shaking, "spasms"(dystonia).

This problem can originate from the basal ganglia.

However, you have different types of muscle which is "wired" to different parts of the brain. For example, your colon, small intestine, stomach are smooth muscle and you have no "conscious" control over those and those muscles are "controlled" by a relatively smaller circuit in the brain.

You have heart muscle, bronchi, and diaphragm. These are controlled deep in the base of your brain and brain stem. This is where illegal drugs can cause depression or over-excitement of nerve cell activity which can lead to cardiac arrest or irregular breathing. Marijuana does not affect the brain stem, that is why over-dose does not cause death.

You also have a "motor cortex" where you can have a seizure which can cause involuntary muscle movements; seizures can be focal so that only smaller parts of the body are affected.

This sort of depends on what kind of involuntary movement we are talking about.

The basic answer is the basal ganglia.

This is the name of the group of interconnected brain areas.

"ballistic" movements (ones which can't be controlled once initiated) are controlled by the basal ganglia.

Damage to an area of the the basal ganglia called the stratium causes Huntington's Chorea (symptoms: wild, involuntary movements)

Damage to an area of the basal ganglia called the substantia nigra causes Parkinson's disease (symptoms: tremors and movement difficulty).

Therefore, you can see that a balance between the stratium and the substantia nigra is essential.

However, some involuntary movements, such as withdrawing your hand after putting it on something very hot are not controlled by the brain at all- they use the peripheral nervous system, meaning that the nerve impulses do not travel to the brain as the coordinator, but use a relay neuron in the spinal cord instead.

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13y ago

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