The case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 created the concept of "judicial review". Judicial review is the power to determine whether any laws are contrary to the Constitution. This power is not specifically given to the judicial branch in the Constitution, however it is the main check and balance the judicial branch has against the legislative and executive branch.
judicial review
John Marshall's loose interpretation of the constitution gave the Court the power of judicial review, declared federal law supreme over state law, and found implied powers for the federal government.
No it can't. The only way to overturn a supreme court decision is either another supreme court decision, or a constitutional amendment.
Sometimes. If the Supreme Court decision interprets a statute or common law, it can be overturned by a legislative statute to the contrary. However, if the Supreme Court decision is interpreting constitutional law, a constitutional amendment would be required to overturn the decision.
The Supreme Court's decision is final, it cannot be "revived" and reheard. However a constitutional amendment that changes the relevant parts of the Constitution would supersede the Supreme Court's decision.
The willingness of the government and the Exutive Branch to enforce that decision.
Miranda decision
It was determined that minors are entitled to constitutional protections.
After the Supreme Court decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust, Progressives sought to create a federal income tax by Constitutional amendment.
In most cases a Supreme Court decision is permanent. The current Supreme Court can change the decision of a previous Supreme Court.
It established the authority of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of an act of Congress. That is, it resolved that the Supreme Court is the final authority when determining whether a law is Constitutional or not.
Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria was created in 1973.
Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt was created in 1979.
Marbury v. Madison