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The predominant proteins in hair are from the family of keratins. Protein molecules are built from amino acids. In a hair strand, the keratin molecules contain a large number of a particular amino acid called cysteine. Each cysteine in the keratin molecule is a potential attachment point, where the keratin molecule can be tightly connected to another cysteine, forming a chemical bond called a cross-link. The keratins in hair have many such cross-links, making a hair strand strong and flexible. There are also many weaker bonds, called hydrogen bonds between the keratin molecules. Hydrogen bonds can be disrupted by water, including water vapor in the air. In fact, this is what causes hair strands to expand in moist air and to contract in dry air.
A single lock will stretch about 2.5% percent as the humidity goes from 0 to 100 percent. While that's only a smidgen of length, the rate of this change is very dependable, so it's possible to obtain highly accurate humidity readings by measuring these tiny shifts.
So the Principle in question is the chemical property of hair protein molecules (or disruption of hydrogen bonds between keratin molecules by water)
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In the 15th century Leanardo da Vinci built the very fist hygrometer. Francesco Folli invented a more practical hygrometer in 1664. In 1783 Horace Benedict de Sausser built the first hair hygrometer. John Frederic Daniell invented a dew-point hygrometer in 1820. Hair hygrometers weren't in regular use until the 1960s.
What is the history of a hygrometer?
In the 15th century Leanardo da Vinci built the very fist hygrometer. Francesco Folli invented a more practical hygrometer in 1664. In 1783 Horace Benedict de Sausser built the first hair hygrometer. John Frederic Daniell invented a dew-point hygrometer in 1820. Hair hygrometers weren't in regular use until the 1960s.
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Who invented the first hygrometer?
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