It is called observation.
A gathering of ten Jewish men (or women in reform and conservative Judaism) for the purpose of prayer is called a minyan.
I believe it is called a solstice.
Geography Information System, or GIS for short.
The gathering of Italian Bishops to discuss the Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation was called the Council of Trent.
In the properties of your computer (right-click on My Computer, select "Properties") there is a tab called "Computer Name" (in XP) or in the middle of the property sheet (in Vista and 7)
Observation
Perception.
The process is generally called investigation, which is the basis for forming a hypothesis.
hypothesis
The process of gathering information about events or processes is called data collection. It involves systematically collecting and recording information in a structured manner to analyze and draw conclusions from the data gathered.
Quantification, although the collection process could be called data collection (just a guess :)
The gathering of scientific information is called research.
remote sensing
remote sensing.
Information gathering... probably research
interrogative is a sentence that ask a question.===It is a dialogue or monologue aimed at gathering information."The police interrogated the suspect until they had the information they were looking for."The process is called an interrogation.The style of conversation is called interrogative.
visual perception