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In order to be able to fly a bee's body temperature must be around 35oC. While flying, the large wing muscles can generate sufficient heat to maintain this, but if the air temperature falls below about 14oC the bee is no longer able to produce enough heat to maintain its body temperature. For this reason bees do not leave the hive if the air is too cool.

Within the hive, the bees cluster together and the temperature within the cluster will be about 35oC. As the outside temperature drops the bees just cluster more tightly and in this way they can tolerate the low temperatures of winter.

In the summer, bees control the temperature in the hive. As the temperature starts to rise they will fan with their wings to circulate air. If it gets really hot, bees will go out and collect water which they spread over surfaces in the hive. The evaporation of this water helps cool the hive. A bee that is getting too hot in flight will regurgitate a droplet of fluid which as it evaporates will cool its head by up to 10oC.

Below about 10oC bees become inactive due to the cold, and above about 38oC their activity again slows down. They can tolerate temperatures of 50oC for short periods.

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Q: What temperatures can bees live at?
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