Sailors used a compass or an astrolabe. a compass points North so you know your direction. an astrolabe can tell your location by using the sun as a reference point but you might need a star chart to use it. If you were traveling at night you would use the star char5t and the North Star to tell direction.
The Navigational aids that explorers would have used included:
Astrolabes - calculating latitudes
Telescope - Hans Lippershey (c1570-c1619) credited with the invention. The telescope was introduced to astronomy in 1609 by Galileo Galilei
Charts and Maps - Cartography or map making was an important Renaissance skill
Compasses - Enabled Renaissance sea men to find their bearing in the fog
Cross-staffs - Used to measure the angle of the Sun or a star above the horizon
Nocturnals - Measuring and timekeeping instrument
Quadrants - Measuring and timekeeping instrument
Traverse boards - Navigation instrument - older version of Astrolabe
The Hour-glass, Minute-glass and Sun-dial - timekeeping instruments
Almanacs - which forecast precisely where the the sun, moon, planets and selected navigational stars, are going to be, hour by hour, years into the future
A compass
Spain
yes it did
Some time during the Stone Age
Spain, followed by the Portuguese and Dutch.
Colonization and conquest by Spanish conquistadors during the Age of Exploration.
A number of tools were used, European sailors used instruments called Crosstaffs and Backstaffs they were used to figure out location by using the stars.
yes
viking ship designs.
as much as they wanted
i was wondering the same thing. i will post the answer when i get a chance
Columbus and the sailors' journey ended with exploration of so many new islands. This was during the time when the Spaniards had sour relations with the people of Hispaniola.
viking ship designs
Compass and astrolabe. Along with larger ships and the movable sail it allowed for exploration.
When access to citrus fruits is limited. This was a problem for sailors during the age of exploration. There are still issues in south east Asia and sub Saharan Africa
What promblems do you think the sailors had during the voyage
The discovery that fresh fruit (particularly limes) prevented scurvy was important in improving the health of sailors on long distance voyages.
* The presence of seabirds would indicate the location and distance of land masses.* It is known ancient sailors were able to navigate by the use of stars.* Early mariners may have known that ocean currents vary during different times of the year.