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There are a number of answers. God made a covenant with Abraham (Genesis ch.15) to give the Holy Land to him and his descendants, and another covenant together with the command of circumcision (Genesis ch.17). The closeness to God which accompanied the covenant was reiterated in a covenant between God and Isaac, and again with Jacob (Leviticus ch.42).

The covenant wasn't for free, and it wasn't arbitrary. Tradition teaches that they merited the covenant because they were superlative in their level of devotion to God. Had they chosen to be men of less than perfect righteousness, God would have had no dealings with them (as was the case with Shem*, Eber, and many others).

Later, in the context of giving the Torah, God made a covenant with the descendants of the Forefathers (Exodus 19:5 and 34:27), who by that time were a nation of myriads (Numbers 10:36). The steps by which the covenant was instituted are narrated in Exodus ch.24.

According to tradition, our side of the covenant means keeping the Torah, and God's side of the covenant means treasuring the People of the Torah (see Deuteronomy 27:16-19, and 30:15-20).

*Talmud, Nedarim 32.

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