What were the effects of the crusades on Europe?

What do historians call the period that started at the end of the Renaissance and continues to this day? Who opposed against slavery against the western territories? What century is 1304 in? Why the renaissance began and flourished in the Italian city states in climate? When was creationism started? How years did it take roman descendants to form a republic? Who were the first to use a metal tip plow? What was the difference between how Africans and Europeans treated their slaves? What does the character of Sir Lancelot represent? What is a qualified artisan who could join a guild? What does persiveered mean? Many of the west Indians islands were once ruled by Europeans as? What was the most significant thing about the Enlightenment? Why did the spanish empire go into decline? Where did the last name sidebottom origionate? Who is emperor was responsible for extending the boundaries of roman empire? Who invented the Top Hat? What is vagilantism? How did the conflict during the crusades lead to change? What was bad about being a peasant in the middle ages?