Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) and two-way radio.
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The Navigation Acts was when the British raised the prices, and made it illegal for the colonies to trade with anyone but them.
prince Henry set up a navigation school. Bowtich is considered the father of modern navigation and his book is thought of as the bible of navigation, he made over 6,000 corrections to Newton
King Henry VIII founded the English Navy during the Spanish-American War. This tripled the number of war ships that existed and added lighthouses that made coastal navigation easier.
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Yield revenues for the crown and English merchants and divert the colonies' trade from England's competitors and enemies.
sails
the compass
Instruments: Lateen sails Improvments: Caravel
The improvements were made to PATA to allow for the programs to load faster. The improvements are made to make navigation easier as well.
the transcontinental railroad;)
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compass, astrolabe cross-staff, back-staff
There were several. Probably the two most important were the compass and the sextant. Angle-measuring devices are named by the portion of a circle that they are. Early elevation measuring devices were primitive by comparison to modern ones, and w covered one quarter of a circle, and so they were called a "QUADRANT". Smaller ones used a mirror arrangement; they could be half the size without losing accuracy. These covered an eighth of a circle, and were called "OCTANTS", from the Latin "octo-" for "eighth". But these weren't big enough to measure high elevations, so they increased in size to cover a sixth of a circle (with the same mirror arrangement to double the angle) and were named for the Latin word for six, or "sextus"; this is the modern SEXTANT.
No maps, crude instruments for navigation, not understanding "what is out there", and a misunderstanding about the true placement of land, currents, and areas.
SONAR, which was developed by the military to detect submarines.
It is called an astrolabe.
Domo was made in the 1900s.