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You do not use a ground wire in the connection from the meter base to the distribution panel. A bonding wire may be required if the service is using PVC conduit.
250 MCM aluminum minimum
If it is a 480v 3 pH machine, #4 wire will be fine.
6
50 mm or 2 inch will handle the 3/0 wires for a 200 amp service.
You can pull 10 #3 gauge wires in a 2 1/2" conduit.
The required size of a conduit raceway for a 3-5000 mcm wire is 300 kcmil. It maximizes the limits on the wire fill for raceways.
There are two things here to keep in mind. If you are trying to add more conductors to an existing conduit run use the cross sectional area of the conduit to see if more wires can be fitted. The second thing that's relates to length is the voltage drop at the load. To size the conduit work backwards from the load amperage to size the wires. If a long distance is involved a voltage drop calculation will be needed. Then select the conduit size to accommodate the wires recommended for that load amperage. The length of conduit run is not brought into the equation on de rating wire size it is always about keeping the voltage up at the load end of the run by increasing the wire size and selecting the proper conduit size for that wire.
The sizing of conduit systems that wire has to be pulled into is dependant on the physical size of the conductor being drawn into the conduit. The second governing factor is the conductor count of the specific conductor that is needed. A 500 MCM copper conductor with an insulation factor of 90 degrees C is rated at 430 amps. This is where the conductor count is need by the service, as to whether the service is single or three phase. In this specific case, the electrical code will allow both single and three phase installations to use the same size conduit. A maximum total of four 500 MCM conductors can be drawn into a 78 mm diameter conduit.
Couple of things wrong here. 30 isn't a wire size. If you mean a wire that can carry 30 amps that would be # 10. Now it depends on how many # 10 wires you want to put into a conduit that governs the size of the conduit.
The key parameter in sizing wire is the current requirement. Once you know that you can look up value in a wire gauge table. The length of the run is important for longer runs because of the resistance of the wire itself. Aluminum wire requires a larger diameter than copper for the same current. Once you calculate the wire size you can then size the conduit.
A #1 aluminum wire with a insulation factor of 90 degrees C is rated at 105 amps. Three #1 wires can be installed into an 1 1/2" conduit.