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Because you have a vacuum leak in the system or your vacuum canister is leaking. When you accelerate the vacuum from the engine will drop. That will cause your system to loose vacuum and the floor/defrost door will go to its neutral position. To keep the vacuum up you have a canister that will hold vacuum. It must be air tight.
Pin cone
You probably have a jammed or otherwise defective vent door.
The year, make and model would help but many vehicles use vacuum to operate the direction of air flow through the floor vents, dash vents and defrost vents. If the vacuum supply is cut off for whatever reason the system defaults to defrost only. So if you only have the defrost mode working chances are the vacuum supply is cut off. Check the HVAC vacuum supply line under the hood for damage. If that system seems to be working but you have insufficient air flow through all of the vents, check/replace the cabin filter if applicable.
I don't know why the vent would not open for the defrost, but it may be related to the fact that your heater core is blown. If your getting nothing but cold air out of the vents when the heat is on, your core is finished and if the core is finished then it is likely related to your vent not opening/switching. Something''s wrong with your heating either way.
I had a Chevy van of this vintage and I found a vacum hose leak in the controls that would make the heater/defrost door default too defrost open. lisining carefully under dash or under hood may pinpoint leak. I had a Chevy van of this vintage and I found a vacum hose leak in the controls that would make the heater/defrost door default too defrost open. lisining carefully under dash or under hood may pinpoint leak.
depending on what year and make it is, the most likely issue is that you have a valve that moves to divert air to the upper vents, floor vents, and defrost vents and it is either stuck in the defrost position, is broken, or a cable/connector has come loose. The valve is usually in the center of your dashboard up against the firewall. The air flow direction in many vehicles is operated by vacuum controlled servos. If the vacuum supply is cut off, the system reverts to it's default position which is the defrost mode. My guess would be that the HVAC vacuum supply line under the hood is disconnected, pinched or collapsed.
This is a very common problem and you need to check for a vacuum leak, broken vacuum line or a loose vacuum line......
The year, make and model info would help. Also need to know if the blower motor is working, just not getting any heat, or not changing function between defrost, dash or floor vents.
You are having a vacuum loss. Check the hard plastic line that is on the right side under the hood for holes. I replaced mine and it fixed the problem. 1992 F150
I would think that is a vacuum or a linkage problem with the heater control assembly (where all the buttons/slides are for changing between floor/defrost/vent) Had a diaphragm go bad on one once, and in a jeep cherokee, a slight collision with a guard rail knocked a vac line off for the vent controls, and ac only worked from defroster.
Your blend door is giving you trouble, it is not switching from defrost to heat or vent