Greece began using the Euro notes and coins the same day as everyone else, on 1/1/02 (See Wikipedia entry "Enlargement of the Euro Zone". However, the Euro was born in the form of an accounting unit, replacing the "ECU", in 1/1/99, so that it could be used for electronic commerce and travelers checks. Greece joined after that date, so the Drachma/Euro exchange rate was fixed in 2000.
The euro currency was officially adopted in 1999. However, actual euro coins and notes were not used until the introduction of the euro in 2002.
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Ireland started using the Euro on the 1st of January, 2002.
17 of the 27 members of the European Union use the Euro, so it could not really be said the EU is united under the Euro.
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Montenegro and Kosovo are countries that are not in the EU but use the Euro (Kosovo also uses the Serbian Dinar)
The EU is just the European Union. Any countries of Europe can apply to receive EU membership if they qualify. The EU (or Euro) zone is the collection of member countries which share the currency the Euro. The Euro is now compulsory for all EU members, except the UK and Denmark which have opted out but may join in the future.
Denmark did not leave the EU. It is still a member. It does not use the Euro, but that does not mean it is not in the EU. Some other EU countries do not use the Euro. Only 19 of the 28 member countries use it.
The euro is the current Italian currency. Italy is a member of the European Union. Use of the euro isn't a requirement of EU membership. For example, Sweden is an EU member that doesn't use the euro. Italy is an example of an EU member that does.
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Euro, as in 11 other EU-countries. However, not all the EU-coutries have euros, like the UK and Sweden.