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In the Proterozoic, 2.5 billion years ago, but these were not advanced modern algea, but primitive Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria still exist today, but in their heyday, they were the dominant form of life on Earth, and may be been the first to form colonies. Over about 1 billion years, they produced the bulk of the free oxygen in our atmosphere, poisoning they own environment and setting the stage for modern plants and animals to take over.

We owe them our lives, for without them, all oxygen would be bound up in the rocks as it is on Mars.

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