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'Melancholic' comes from an ancient division of personalities based on the theory of 'humours'. A person who had a preponderance of ""black bile" was melancholic, or had a melancholic personality. The other humours were choleric, phlegmatic, and sanguine. This was the state of psychology during the time of Hippocrates.

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Q: Where does the phrase 'melancholic personality' come from?
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