Grant's tenacity was the biggest factor. After having a frontal assault beaten back, Grant decided to isolate the city and place it under siege. He realized that he had to prevent Confederate forces from reinforcing Vicksburg; so he attacked and drove off all the forces to the East of the city. Finally, he cut himself off from his supply lines and marched through the swamps and bayous to approach Vicksburg from the landward side while the Union navy river fleet bombarded it from the river. Once Vicksburg was surrounded, Grant bombarded the city and starved it into submission. It turned out to be a microcosm of how victory was gained over the entire South.
Pemberton surrendered Vicksburg to Grant on July 4th 1863.
Chancellorsville
Probably Vicksburg and Gettysburg - two Confederate defeats announced to a joyful Northen public on the same day - Fourth of July 1863. Vicksburg ended the war in the West. Gettysburg ended Lee's amibitons to invade the North and threaten Washington DC.
Vicksburg
Grant encircled and invested the city, bombarding and staving it into submission.
The North won.
Pemberton surrendered Vicksburg to Grant on July 4th 1863.
control of the Mississippi River
Vicksburg and Gettysburg.
Grant encircled and invested the city, bombarding and staving it into submission.
Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville
U.S. commander U.S. Grant forced Pemberton's surrender on July 4, 1863.
The North was able to seize and hold the high ground, giving them an easily defensible position, allowing them to use interior lines of communication, and giving their artillery the commanding fields of fire. The North also had superior numbers, equipment, and supplies.
The double win on July 3rd-4th 1863 - Vicksburg and Gettysburg. Vicksburg liberated the Mississippi and ended the war in the West, freeing Grant to assist the Army of the Cumberland in Chattanooga. Gettysburg marked the failure of Lee to invade the North. He would be on the defensive for the rest of the war.
All of their factories combined: they could replace losses of arms and materiel more easily than the South.
Shiloh, then Vicksburg. IMPROVEMENT Shiloh, Champion Hill, Vicksburg.