CDM
A single communications channel can carry simultaneous data transmissions from multiple sources through techniques like multiplexing. Multiplexing divides the channel's bandwidth into multiple segments, allowing different signals to be sent concurrently without interference. Common methods include Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), where time slots are allocated to each source, and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), which assigns different frequency bands to each signal. This efficient use of the channel's capacity maximizes data transmission while minimizing the risk of collisions.
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multiplexing refeers to the transmission of different signals in the same channel simultaneously. There are many forms of multiplexing that can be used, including frequency division multiplexing(FDM) where individual signals are transmitted over adjacent , non overlapping frequency bands. they are transmitted in parallel and simultaneously in time. In time division multiplexing(TDM) each signal is allowd to use the whole bandwidth for a certain period of time. Multiplexing is needed so that the available channel can be used efficiently and also to save costs. There is too much to know about multiplexing, here is just a short overview. One thing that one has to know is multiple access.
A function is a rule that assigns a single value to each element in a domain.A function is a rule that assigns a single value to each element in a domain.A function is a rule that assigns a single value to each element in a domain.A function is a rule that assigns a single value to each element in a domain.
Code-division multiplexing uses unique spreading codes to encode each signal before combining them in a shared channel. These spreading codes allow the receiver to distinguish between signals by applying the inverse code to extract the desired signal while suppressing interference from others. This method enables multiple signals to coexist in the same frequency band without interfering with each other.
It assigns exactly one output value for each input value.
Multiplexing and multiple accessModern telephone networks allow bandwidths in their channels that are much larger than those is needed for a digitalized telephone channel. Basically, a number of channels share a common transmission medium with the aim of reducing costs and complexity in the network. Multiplexing is defined as the process by which several signals from different channels share a channel with greater capacity. When the sharing is carried out with respect to a remote resource, such as a satellite, this is referred to as multiple access rather than multiplexing. There are various ways of performing this sharing:# FDM/FDMA (Frequency Division Multiplexing/Frequency Division Multiple Access): Assigns a portion of the total bandwidth to each of the channels. # TDM/TDMA (Time Division Multiplexing/Time Division Multiple Access): Assigns all of the transport capacity sequentially to each of the channels. # CDMA (Code Division Multiplexing Access): In certain circumstances it is possible to transmit multiple signals in the same frequency and at the same time, with the receiver being responsible for separating them. This technique has been used for years in military technology, and is based on extending the spectrum of the signal and reducing the transmission power. # PDMA (Polarization Division Multiple Access): Given that polarization can be maintained, the polarization direction can be used as a multiple access technique, although when there are many obstacles noise can make it unsuitable, which is why it is not usually used in indoor installations. Outside, however, it is widely used to increase transmission rates in installations that use microwaves. # SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access): With directional aerials, the same frequency can be re-used provided the alignment of the aerials is correctly adjusted. There is a great deal of interference but this system lets frequencies obtain a high degree of reusability.
Does Cable television use time-division multiplexing
TDM
MIMO is generally used for enhancing data transmission capacity, where multiple antennas are used to send the data and the more antennas means the more data transfer speed. Suppose, you have 5 antennas in the transmitting side an 5 antennas in the receiving side and you have a data stream of 100 bits for transmission. If you use each antenna to send 20 bits each then it would take five times less to send all the data if you only used a single antenna. By the use of MIMO increasing the data transmission speed is known as spatial multiplexing.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is special case of frequency division multiplexing where a ling serial data streams are divided into parallel data streams and each data stream is multiplied either by orthogonal frequency or code. when multiplied by code known as frequency code division multiplexing and when multiplied by orthogonal frequency then know as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
A road of meters wild, we devide it to 2x2, 2m for coming cars, 2 for going. that's a space mux. translate that into bandwith mode. total bw is divided to parts, each part for a user for example, that's a space mux