Motility
The human eye is only sensitive to amplitude (intensity) and wavelength (color), which are observed in a normal bright field microscope. Small, transparent objects like a cell do not change these parameters much, but due to their different refractive index from the surrounding medium, they slow down the light that passes through them. The light gets diffracted and has a phase change of approx. 1/4th of the wavelength (depends on the object thickness). Phase contrast microscopes have two rings, one that provides a hollow cone of light that illuminates the specimen and a second (so called phase plate) which lets the unaltered light pass through a thinner part and the bent light through a thicker part .This introduces another relative phase shift of 1/4, causing a net phase shift of 1/2 of the wavelength. Now this results in destructive interference, resulting in a dark object on a bright background.
Evolution can be observed in the wild, such as the formation of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains.Additionally Bacterial evolution has been observed in a large experiment, specifically the evolution of E.coli to metabolise citrate, a process that E.coli normally cannot undertake. Read more about it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._coli_long-term_evolution_experimentFor more examples of experimental evolution read here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_evolution
Go to http://www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu/Images.htm you will find bacterial colonies will and can express functional fluorescent proteins. As for the plasmid pQE30, it looks to fit into the category of expression at this level.
The T stands for "tadpole."B-cells are named after the first location in which they were observed, the Bursa of Fabricius.
Yes, although it hasn't been observed in nature. Scientists have been able to artificially insert a gene into a bacteria using sticky ends of the plasmids and DNA ligase to hold them together, thereby inserting a gene into the bacterial chromosome.
Hanging drop can be observed for longer periods of time without drying out.
outline or contrast
contrast
contrast
outline or contrast
Methylene Blue, in this situation, is being used as a microscopy stain. Microscopy stains are used to allow for particular characteristics of cells to be observed in greater detail or to make them easier to see.
Cells are observed under the microscope, using several different techniques. Three of these techniques are cell culture, immunostaining and computational genomics.
The term is "contrast" when items are observed or defined by their differences. The word "compare" is used for observed similarities, or more generally for both similarities and differences.
Annular lunar eclipse
The human eye is only sensitive to amplitude (intensity) and wavelength (color), which are observed in a normal bright field microscope. Small, transparent objects like a cell do not change these parameters much, but due to their different refractive index from the surrounding medium, they slow down the light that passes through them. The light gets diffracted and has a phase change of approx. 1/4th of the wavelength (depends on the object thickness). Phase contrast microscopes have two rings, one that provides a hollow cone of light that illuminates the specimen and a second (so called phase plate) which lets the unaltered light pass through a thinner part and the bent light through a thicker part .This introduces another relative phase shift of 1/4, causing a net phase shift of 1/2 of the wavelength. Now this results in destructive interference, resulting in a dark object on a bright background.
natural selection
visible light and radio waves