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Which one is top layer in the water- acetic acid- methyl isobutyl ketone system?
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Methyl isobutyl krtone form the top layer.
This is possible because the density of MBK is 0,8 g/cm3.
Wiki User
∙ 7y ago
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Why should methyl alcohol never be used medicinally?
Methyl alcohol, also known as methanol, should never be used medicinally because it is highly toxic and can cause severe damage to the nervous system, liver, and other organs. Ingesting or using methyl alcohol internally can lead to blindness, respiratory distress, and even death. It is not suitable for medical use and should not be consumed or used as a substitute for ethanol (drinking alcohol).
What is the difference between acetone and methyl ethyl ketone?
Chemically the difference is 1 carbon and 2 hydrogen atoms. Acetone ==> CH3-CHO-CH3 MEK (Butanone) ==> CH3-CHO-CH2-CH3 Their properties are therefore very similar because of this. MEK HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Acetone HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Acetone also happens to be much cheaper. As for uses, since acetone evaporates quicker it is often used as a paint thinner as it will not prolong the drying time as much as MEK would. Acetone is also a better solvent because looking at the structure of the molecule it has a more medium polarity than MEK, and thus dissolves a wider range of compounds.
How to represent the buffer solution?
In general, a buffer system can be represented by writing a salt followed by slash and an acid or conjugate base followed by slash and an acid like salt/acid or conjugate base/acid. Thus, the sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer system can be written asCH3COONa/ CH3COOH or CH3COO-/CH3COOHSimilarly, ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer system can be represented asNH3 / NH4+Note that NH4+ is an acid and NH3 is a conjugate base according to Lewry-Bronsted concept.
Are all bacterial cells dangerous to humans?
No. Many are beneficial. And are part of our gastrointestinal system 5o help us digest food. When there is incomplete digestions two main foul smelling gases are releases ; methyl mercaptan and sulphur dioxide. When our intestinal flora is in balance and they recognizes the carbohydrates that we eat regularity, then the system tends to function very smoothly without a hint of flatulance (as we call it here in the US). The British are less shy and just call use the word: fart!
How can you use uv spectroscopy to help distinguish between 3-methyl-2-cyclohexenone and 4-pentylmethyl ketone?
First of all, you need to clarify your question. 4-pentylmethyl ketone, unfortunately, does not exist. You have made a mistake in the nomenclature.I am assuming that you are talking about /\/\/*\, which is the carbon skeleton of pentylmethyl ketone, with the * representing C=O. The molecular formula is C7H14O, and it is also known as 2-heptanone. I don't know why you added in the "4-", unless you mean that the methyl is coming off the fourth carbon of the pentyl group. If that is the case, and you have moved methyl off to be a substituent on the pentyl, then the compound should be named an aldehyde and not a ketone.UV spec gives you a graph with absorbance on the y-axis and wavelength (in nanometers) on the x-axis.Conjugated systems are where double bonds occur, and are separated by exactly one single bond. In other words C=C-C=C is conjugated. C=C-C-C=C is not.Conjugation reduces the energy gap between the "excited" state of electrons and the normal state. In other words, it takes less energy (and is easier) to excite electrons in compounds that have conjugated double bonds, such as 3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. When these compounds return to their normal state, they emit a photon (light).This light can have different wavelengths, which is why molecules with conjugated double bonds are often very colorful.The energy that a photon is:E = hfSince f = c/(wavelength)E = hc/(wavelength)h is a constant, f stands for frequency, c is the speed of light, and the wavelength is measured in nanometers.High energy light has high frequency and low wavelength (to make this more intuitive: think of short and fast pulsing ultraviolet radiation from the sun...it is powerful/energetic enough to cause sunburn.)Therefore, the more conjugated bonds you have, the LESS energy it will take to excite your electrons. This means that if you have more conjugated bonds you have, the compound can give a high signal at higher the wavelength (and lower energies).Red is very low energy. This is why beta-carotene, which is basically C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C, etc is orange. That's why carrots are orange.Anyways, this is a lot of detail. Basically, it means that 3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one will give a peak in your absorbance graph, whereas you other compound probably will not (assuming that I have interpreted its incorrect name).If you see a compound, the more CONJUGATED double bonds there are, the more you will see peaks at higher wavelengths, because it takes less energy to excite the electrons in those double bonds.For example: C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C will give a signal at a higher wavelength than C=C-C=C=C=C=C=C-C=C. This is because in the second compound, there are fewer CONJUGATED double bonds (even though there are more double bonds total).Why does this phenomena happen? A double bond is between two pi-orbitals. Basically they look like 8's. One lobe comes up from the carbon atom, and one lobe goes down. The electrons float around in there. If you have a double bond, the pi-orbitals on adjacent carbons share their electrons. Now, if you look at an extended conjugated system, you can see that there is an 8 on every single carbon in line! This means that basically the "electron cloud" is dispersed over the entire molecule. Much more stable, and much less energetic (remember, high energy means not stable).Hope this helps!By the way,http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/UV-Vis/spectrum.htmmight be a good reference for you.
What is a saturated ketone?
A saturated ketone is one which has saturated alpha, beta carbons etc.. (by this I mean saturated with hydrogens, there are no double bonds). The opposite, a conjugated ketone, is one which has double bonds in its substituents or R groups (such as an aromatic ring system or alkene). For example, benzil is a conjugated ketone while acetone is a saturated ketone. Source: Organic Chemistry student
Distribution coefficient of acetic acid in butanol water system?
It is dependent on concentration and operational parameter such as temperature. Generally we can say that it increase with increasing the concentration of acetic acid.
Why should methyl alcohol never be used medicinally?
Methyl alcohol, also known as methanol, should never be used medicinally because it is highly toxic and can cause severe damage to the nervous system, liver, and other organs. Ingesting or using methyl alcohol internally can lead to blindness, respiratory distress, and even death. It is not suitable for medical use and should not be consumed or used as a substitute for ethanol (drinking alcohol).
When making Ethyl Alcohol by fermentation when does Methyl Alcohol become a possibility and how do you avoid it?
Methyl Alcohol is not a product of fermentation so no steps are required to avoid it. You are morelikey to get annoying levels of Ethyl Acetate which is solvent smelling and tasting. Methyl Alcohol can be found in trace amounts in wine and fruit brandies but this is due to the breakdown of pectin the the cell walls of the fruit and not fermentation. Its worth noting that the treatment for Methyl Alcohol poisoning is ingestion of Ethyl Alcohol. Both are prcessed by the same enzyme which much prefers to breakdown Ethyl Alcohol. Basically they keep you drunk until all the Methyl Alcohol has been sweated/breathed/urinated out of your system. Methyl Alcohol isn't actually poisonous, BUT its metbolised by your body into chemicals that are. Any product of fermentation containing Methyl Alcohol will contain more than enough Ethyl Alcohol to protect you from it. Anyone concerned about Methyl Alcohol ingestion should read up on Aspartame. The Diet Coke you drink may exposure you to more methanol than you realise.
What happens when hcl is added to ch3cooh and ch3coo- buffer system?
The hydronium concentration is essentially soaked up by the buffer system. Being that there is an equilibrium of acetic acid and acetate ion, the acetate ion will soak up an H+ from the HCl, and then the equilibrium of acetic acid to acetate ion shifts in favor of the acetate, because its concentration is lowered. The result is that the change in pH is dramatically lower than would normally be expected by adding HCl to deionized water.
Does Methyl hydrate work like gas line antifreeze or is is the same product?
Methyl hydrate is commonly known as methyl alcohol, methanol, or wood alcohol. Its molecular formula is CH3OH. .for more information: http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_hydrate .. Methyl hydrate or methanol is commonly used as a gas line antifreeze. Since methanol and water are completely miscible that is they will dissolve in each other completely, methanol lowers the freezing point of any water in the bottom of the engine fuel system. .. Also since methanol will dissolve in gasoline fuel, it keeps any water in the fuel in a dissolved state. In other words you won't have a ice blockage in your fule line, tank bottom, or fuel filter. .. Since many gasolines contain ethanol, they already have antifreeze protection. .. Methanol has been used as a racing fuel and as a gasoline fuel additive. It has the property of reducing engine knocking (raising the octane level).
What does ketones do to you?
in a regular diet, carbs are converted to glucose that the body uses for fuel when the supply of carbs is limited (about 30g-50g per day) the body requires an alternative form of fuel. After 24-48 hours of low carb, the liver starts producing ketones, which is the alternative fuel.
What is the difference between acetone and methyl ethyl ketone?
Chemically the difference is 1 carbon and 2 hydrogen atoms. Acetone ==> CH3-CHO-CH3 MEK (Butanone) ==> CH3-CHO-CH2-CH3 Their properties are therefore very similar because of this. MEK HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Acetone HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Acetone also happens to be much cheaper. As for uses, since acetone evaporates quicker it is often used as a paint thinner as it will not prolong the drying time as much as MEK would. Acetone is also a better solvent because looking at the structure of the molecule it has a more medium polarity than MEK, and thus dissolves a wider range of compounds.
How to represent the buffer solution?
In general, a buffer system can be represented by writing a salt followed by slash and an acid or conjugate base followed by slash and an acid like salt/acid or conjugate base/acid. Thus, the sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer system can be written asCH3COONa/ CH3COOH or CH3COO-/CH3COOHSimilarly, ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer system can be represented asNH3 / NH4+Note that NH4+ is an acid and NH3 is a conjugate base according to Lewry-Bronsted concept.
What were the preventive measures taken in Bhopal gas tragedy?
There was a refrigeration system to keep the methyl isocyanate cool, it was not working at the time. There were scrubbers in place, but they were inadequate. There was also a flare tower which did manage to burn off some of the escaping gas. The safety systems were all manual, and workers were not aware of the problem which did little to help the situation.
Which acid is most dangerous?
Honestly, even though it's considered to be a weak acid, it has to be acetic acid, for a number of reasons. First and foremost, people tend to underestimate the severity of contact with this fluid, even though it's a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is able to inflict major burns and damage to skin and tissue. secondly because of all the secondary health risks related to contact with this substance. fx. it's mutagen properties, it's know to provoke cancer and is really toxic for the reproductive system and fetuses. Hydrofluoric Acid
Are all bacterial cells dangerous to humans?
No. Many are beneficial. And are part of our gastrointestinal system 5o help us digest food. When there is incomplete digestions two main foul smelling gases are releases ; methyl mercaptan and sulphur dioxide. When our intestinal flora is in balance and they recognizes the carbohydrates that we eat regularity, then the system tends to function very smoothly without a hint of flatulance (as we call it here in the US). The British are less shy and just call use the word: fart!
