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Potatoes, like eggplants (aubergines) are members of the nightshade family.

The toxin in potatoes is solanine. It occurs in high quantities in the stalks, leaves, eyes or sprouts, and is increased when the potato is exposed to sunlight, an effect which causes the flesh to be green under the skin. Green potatoes should not be eaten. The US FDA's upper limit of solanine in foods of 20mg/100g. However, ingestion of smaller amounts has caused symptoms.

Reactions to this poison are usually gastrointestinal and range from mild nausea to severe and convulsive vomiting and diarrhea. Other symptoms have been reported such as burning of the throat, cardiac dysrhythmia, headache and dizziness. Hallucinations, loss of sensation, paralysis, fever, jaundice, dilated pupils and hypothermia have been reported in more severe cases. In large quantities, solanine poisoning can cause death. One study suggests that doses of 2 to 5 mg per kilogram of body weight can cause toxic symptoms, and doses of 3 to 6 mg per kilogram of body weight can be fatal. Symptoms usually occur 8 to 12 hours after ingestion, but may occur as rapidly as 30 minutes after eating high-solanine foods. A life-threatening dose for a regular-weight adult ranges from about 400 mg solanine.

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