The lower layers, the D and E layers are only a few tens of km - perhaps a hundred km at most. The F layers are of greater importance for ionospheric reflection, and may be up to 250 km. May be useful up to 800 km. These various layers have a frequency - dependent reflectivity, and this will change day and night according to the state of ionization and the illumination causing that.
the ionosphere extends from around 50 km altitude to about 1000 km, Within this range are the the various regions that make it up; D, E, F1, F2 and the topside, with the D region closest to us and the topside farthest from us, and in that order. the topside can also extend to about 2000km in some part of the earth.
The ionosphere is a region of Earth's upper atmosphere that contains high concentrations of ions and free electrons. It plays a crucial role in long-distance radio communication by reflecting and refracting radio waves back to the Earth's surface. The ionosphere is divided into multiple layers based on altitude and varies in ionization levels depending on solar activity.
The ionosphere is made up of a layer of the Earth's atmosphere that contains a high concentration of ions and free electrons. It is composed of various ionized gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, that are affected by solar radiation. The ionosphere plays a crucial role in radio wave propagation and communication.
The ionosphere is composed mostly of atomic oxygen, molecular oxygen, and nitrogen gases. These gases become ionized by solar radiation, creating charged particles that affect radio wave propagation and other communication signals in the Earth's atmosphere.
The layers of the Earth atmosphere are: * Troposphere - peplosphere * Stratosphere * Mesosphere * Thermosphere - ionosphere * exosphere * magnetosphere
Troposphere and stratosphere are the minor layers of Earth's atmosphere. The troposphere is where weather occurs, and it is the closest to the Earth. The stratosphere is the second closest and where planes fly. It is 40 kilometers thick, and the troposphere is 12 kilometers thick.
Perhaps the glaze and the biscuit.
mesosphere, asthenosphere, ionosphere
The thremosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that has two layers within it. The Thermosphere is the layer farthest from Earth's surface. The first layer of the thermosphere is the Ionosphere, and the second layer of the thermosphere is the exosphere
What are the layers that make up the upper mantle.
The lower layers, the D and E layers are only a few tens of km - perhaps a hundred km at most. The F layers are of greater importance for ionospheric reflection, and may be up to 250 km. May be useful up to 800 km. These various layers have a frequency - dependent reflectivity, and this will change day and night according to the state of ionization and the illumination causing that.
The two layers that make up the lithosphere are the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, while the upper mantle is the solid part of the mantle that lies just below the crust. These two layers together form the rigid outer shell of the Earth known as the lithosphere.
If you really do mean the ionosphere, and the astronaut is falling back to earth, the ionosphere is one of the upper layers - my best guess is that the heating effect of the rarified ionosphere would not be enough to cause death.Once you get into the lower atmosphere, though, the heating effect is large (the Concorde supersonic airliner expanded measurably while at full flight speed due to heating), and will cause burning up.
the ionosphere extends from around 50 km altitude to about 1000 km, Within this range are the the various regions that make it up; D, E, F1, F2 and the topside, with the D region closest to us and the topside farthest from us, and in that order. the topside can also extend to about 2000km in some part of the earth.
the layers that make up the heart are the tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica interna.
The three main layers that make up Earth is:CORE, MANTLE, and the CRUST