This honor is usually given to John Kemp Starley
No. Bicycles with external gears have chain-and-sprocket gears. Bicycles with internally geared hubs have both a chain-and-sprocket gear and spur gears (usually in a planetary configuration) inside the rear hub. Then there are the rather rare shaft-drive bicycles, which use bevel gears. And maybe an internally geared hub as well. Then there's the occasional belt drive bike of course. And one or two CVT designs.
This honor is usually given to John Kemp Starley
KHS Bicycles was created in 1974.
Bianchi Bicycles was created in 1885.
Canyon Bicycles was created in 1985.
Ridley - bicycles - was created in 1997.
Iride Bicycles was created in 1919.
Jamis Bicycles was created in 1937.
Biomega - bicycles - was created in 1998.
Peugeot - bicycles - was created in 1830.
Giant Bicycles was created in 1972.