Kirchhoff
Hubble analysed the spectra that are emitted by various astronomical objects (stars and galaxies, etc.) and found that the more distant these objects are, the more these spectra were red shifted. A red shift is caused by the Doppler effect, and it indicates that a source of radiation is moving away from us, and the greater the red shift, the faster the velocity with which it is moving away. So if everything is moving away from us, and moving faster the farther away it is, that indicates an expanding universe.
Almost everything we know today about the stars and their life cycle is a direct result of the correct interpretation of our main source of evidence on the stars (their spectra) by a graduate student of very Young appointed Cecilia Payne. Before its discovery in 1925 astronomers thought all the stars were made on exactly the same elements as the earth, in the same proportions as their spectra appear to show that(spectra also show that, of course). Now, with Cecilia, we know that the differences are due simply to different amounts of ionization of hydrogen and NOT to the various elements. Since the hydrogen atom is the only simple enough to do what we do out in the way they do it all started to fall in place and we jumped light years ahead in our understanding
Just how long ago the starry heavens and the earth were created is not stated in the Bible. Scientists estimate the age of some rocks as being three and a half billion years, and the earth itself as being about four to four and a half billion or more years.
Astronomers observe as much as they can and collect enormous amounts of information based upon the radiation in various spectra, both visible and invisible, from stars, galaxies, interstellar gas clouds, and anything else they can see in the night sky, and they then perform very intricate and sophisticated mathematical analyses of the data in order to obtain reasonable theories.
An overview of "day 1" reveals the establishment of the "24-hour day" [one rotation of the earth from sunset to sunset]... distinguishable by the separation of "day" and "night.""...God called the LIGHT Day, and the DARKNESS He called Night..." (Gen.1:5)The "light" God created was the first "daylight" portion of the perpetual 24-hour day.This established "time"... and the Divinely inspired "seven-day week"... the repeated seventh day of which God set aside for man to "remember creation," that could never have been remembered until the first day was made."...And the evening [darikness] and the morning [light] were the FIRST [24-hour] DAY." (same verse)
Kirchhoff'
Catholic AnswerThe Church's teachings on creation are covered in The Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 279 -421, and various other sections later. Some basic teachings include that creation is the work of the Trinity, that the world was created for the glory of God, that God creates by wisdom and love, the God created everything 'out of nothing', that God transcends creation and is present to it, that He upholds and sustains creation in existence. See link below.
The Bible says God created everything basically and when we die go into a deep sleep and soon we will awaken in everlasting life.Roman Catholic AnswerThe Church's teachings on creation are covered in The Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 279 -421, and various other sections later. Some basic teachings include that creation is the work of the Trinity, that the world was created for the glory of God, that God creates by wisdom and love, the God created everything 'out of nothing', that God transcends creation and is present to it, that He upholds and sustains creation in existence.
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