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electron diffraction
no.
Nature
Diffraction, Interference etc are the phenomenon which confirm the wave nature of light.!
Longitudinal in nature.
electron diffraction
Einstein not only had nothing to do with suggesting a wave nature of electrons, he was VERY vocal in his lifelong opposition to the concept of electron waves being fundamental to their existence. He agreed they SEEMED to exhibit wave-like characteristics, he simply thought a more fundamental explanation would show this was simply an "approximation" to reality. Louis de Broglie, in his 1924 thesis, first proposed the idea that electrons had a wave nature, with a wavelength dependent on a particle's momenutum. Experiments in 1927 showed that he was correct.
Yes, in the form of a probability wave. It's important to realize that the wave behavior of electrons in atoms isn't analogous to, say, a wave in the ocean. An electron's wave behavior is one of probability, there's no macroscopic equivalent. The probability of finding an electron at a certain location oscillates like a wave, not the electron itself.
no.
Erwin Schrodinger
That their was a unit of charge, for which no smaller amount of charge could exist, was first suggested in the late 1800s. In 1896, J.J. Thomson showed that a negatively charged particle was a fundamental particle of nature -- ie, that electrons had a particle nature. Louis de Broglie, in his 1924 thesis, suggested that electrons also had a wave nature, with a wavelength dependent on a particle's momentum. Experiments in 1927 showed that he was correct.
by observing the dark fringe due to absence of electrons and by observing bright fringe due to excess of electrons.
No -- an electron is a point particle with mass, charge, and spin. The probability that you will find an electron at a specific point can, however, often be calculated by wave functions. Any moving mass can be considered either a particle or a wave. Its properties can be defined via the deBorlie wave equation.
Schrodinger wave equation
The electron itself isn't a wave, it's the probability of finding it in a certain spot that's governed by a wave equation.
The Wave function (psi) is just used as an identifier that the particle exhibits wave nature. Actually the square of the wave fn (psi2 ) - the probability amplitude- is the real significant parameter. The probability amplitude gives the maximum probability of observing the particle in a given region in space.
Nature