Unless you know how to give vaccinations let your vet do it.
Strangles, caused by Streptococcus equi, can be transmitted to humans and I think I had it a few years ago. I was told by a couple of vets that it's very unusual, but not impossible, to catch it.
Miniature horses require the same vaccinations as full-sized horses because they are susceptible to the same diseases. In the US, all horses should be vaccinated against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalytis, Tetanus, West Nile Virus and Rabies. These are considered "core vaccinations" by the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Besides these "core vaccinations", there are "risk-based" vaccinations such as Potomac Horse Fever, Strangles, Influenza, Equine Herpes Virus 1 & 4, Equine Viral Arteritis, etc. These vaccines are given based upon the risk of exposure. Horse owners should contact their veterinarian to get recommendations for their horses based upon the specifics of their situation.
The necessary vaccinations for horses vary in different areas of the world. And even in a given area there is no one-size-fits-all vaccination program for horses because the risk of exposure to infectious agents can still be quite variable. In the United States, the American Association of Equine Practitioners has designated Eastern and Western Equine Encephalytis, West Nile Virus, Tetanus and Rabies as "Core" vaccinations. This means that the AAEP believes that all horses in the US should be vaccinated against these diseases yearly. There are several other vaccinations that are considered "risk based vaccinations", meaning that they should be given based upon the horse's risk of exposure. Examples of "risk-based vaccinations" are Influenza, Equine Herpes Virus 1 & 4, Strangles, Potomac Horse Fever, Botulism, etc. Risk factors can include geographic location, age and use of the horse and management of the horse. Horse owners should contact their local veterinarian to discuss the recommended vaccinations for their area and situation
Strangles is a bacterial infection and is susceptible to certain antibiotics. However, antibiotic use at the wrong time may prolong recovery from the disease so should not be initiated without consulting a veterinarian first.
None. The foal could be hurt or killed
Horses need a tetanus shot once at year and probably a booster if they are injured with cuts or open wounds.
You can administer shots yourself in general, however you need to know what vaccines are necessary and when it is appropriate to give them. You also need to know how to recognize an adverse reaction. In some states, you cannot administer rabies vaccinations yourself. Many shows/facilities will not recognize owner administered vaccines, as well.If you choose to give vaccinations yourself, you should be aware that vaccine handling affects the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. When purchasing vaccines from pet supply or vet supply stores, the chance that vaccines have not been adequately handled increases because they have been shipped more than once.
A veterinarian
Typically a vet will need to administer the rabies vaccine so that you can get a current and legal rabies certificate, though this can vary by state. You can administer it yourself if the horse will absolutely never leave your property, but it is best to have a current rabies certificate, which will require you to have a vet give the shot.As well as Rabies, horses should also receive the Tetanus vaccine. Tetanus lives everywhere and can be fatal.
Yearly, with a booster as needed, such as in the case of an injury, like stepping on a nail, when a horse is at greater risk of contracting tetanus.
What is absolutely required changes depending on the governmental body running the competition, but there are some basic recommendations for all horses in the US concerning vaccination. Core vaccines recommended for all horses in the US by the American Association of Equine Practitioners are: Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis, West Nile Virus, Tetanus and Rabies. But even the recommendations for these "core vaccines" vary based upon exact geographic location, health status of the horse, previous adverse reaction to vaccination, etc. Then beyond even those core vaccines are "risk-based vaccines" that are recommended based upon the risk factors that vary from horse to horse: age, living situation, geographic location and use. Risk-based vaccinations include: Influenza, Equine Herpes Virus 1&4, Botulism, Strangles, Equine Viral Arteritis, etc. Competition would definitely be a risk-factor for Influenza and EHV-1 & 4 and possibly even Strangles, but again age, type of vaccine used, etc are all going to play a part in what risk-based vaccinations should be given and how often. Because there there is no one-size-fits-all vaccination schedule for horses, horse owners should always contact their vet to determine what is recommended for their exact situation. And check every year to be sure that there have not been changes to the recommendations because veterinary medicine is a continually changing field...we learn more everyday and thus changes in recommendations occur frequently
A mare should have all of her regular vaccinations and possibly a booster in her 9th month.