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It is mainly called dielectric within the context of capacitors. The term refers to the properties that are relevant for a capacitors; specifically, it increases the capacitance (the amount of charge that can be stored for a given voltage).
An electrical insulator that can be polarized by an external electric field.
an insulator
A teflon capacitor uses teflon as the dielectric, or insulator, between plates.
When a dielectric ( insulator) is kept between the two plates of a charged condenser, the atoms or molecules are polarised due to shifting of + nucleus towards negative plate and negative electrons towards positive plate of the condenser. Naturally, any dielectric contains certain defects like grain boundaries, voids, dislocations etc. The migrating charges accumulate at these sites creating additional polarization. This polarization is called space charge polarization. The charges accumulate at the interfaces of the dielectric and condenser plates is called inter-facial polarization, is also one kind of space charge polarization.
It's called the Dielectric
It is mainly called dielectric within the context of capacitors. The term refers to the properties that are relevant for a capacitors; specifically, it increases the capacitance (the amount of charge that can be stored for a given voltage).
Generally, 'insulators' are also called 'dielectrics'. But the term 'insulator' and 'dielectric' really refer to the properties of such materials. 'Insulator' describes the property of opposing current flow (or, strictly speaking, 'not supporting' current flow, due to its relative lack of charge carriers), while 'dielectric' refers to the property of supporting the establishment of an electric field which, in turn, acts to polarise its atoms and establish a (temporary) displacement current whenever a potential difference is first applied (or changed in magnitude).
An electrical insulator that can be polarized by an external electric field.
Dielectric meterials are good insulator materials
One field in which this is helpful is in the manufacture of insulating materials. Dielectric strength determines the strongest electric field an insulator can withstand before it fails. For example, if the insulation around a wire melts or breaks, the insulator's dielectric strength is compromised.
Frequency of alternating field applied & temperature
an insulator
A teflon capacitor uses teflon as the dielectric, or insulator, between plates.
According to a few charts I was able to find, the most realistic material with the highest dielectric strength happens to be Mica, with dielectric strength of 118.
The charge in a capacitor is between the plates. The dielectric is only an insulator that allows the plates to be very close without touching and discharging the charge. There is no battery in a capacitor.
There is no more the dielectric constant for insulators than the colour for shirts. Every shirt has a colour, and every insulator has a dielectric constant. Find out what material your insulator is, then look in Kaye & Labey or any good handbook for radio and electronics engineers.