They are the only performing rights organizations in the US; there are many more worldwide.
It benefits everyone to have as few performing rights organizations as is reasonably possible. Songwriters benefit by having a large collective bargaining position, and licensees benefit by being able to select from hundreds of thousands of tunes under one blanket license. If there were more PROs--say, if each publisher handled their own performing rights--broadcasters and performance venues would need to make agreements with each one individually. The paperwork and fees would be unbearable.
The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI), and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC) are performing rights organizations based in the United States. They collect fees for affiliated composers and songwriters when their works are performed (including broadcast).
You would need to go directly to each organization for a license. Application can typically be made online at the links below.
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) is one of three United States performing rightsorganizations, along with ASCAP and SESAC.
They protect the rights of composers and songwriters.
Registering as a writer or publisher with any music/performers rights organization is free. ASCAP and BMI are basically open to anyone, SESAC has a 'selective' process.
Ascap, bmi, sesac
BMI. They represent just a few % more of the total music market than ASCAP. SESAC only has about 2-3%
Yes. You would need a new media public performance license from the performing rights organizations (ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC). In addition, the Harry Fox Agency is attempting to collect mechanical royalties on streaming music, arguing that the ephemeral cache constitutes a copy. This is unpopular to say the least, and certainly still being discussed, but the Copyright Review Board did rule in their favor.
You would need a performance license; in the US this is easily obtained from ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC.
No. If you write something, you automatically own the copyright to your work (unless you have previously assigned it to someone else). However, copyright is just the first step in being able to collect royalties from your work. Performance-rights organizations like ASCAP, BMI and SESAC are (ostensibly) in the business of collecting royalties from the live performance or playback of copyrighted music (in public venues, on radio, television or on the internet) and distributing the royalties that they have collected to the composers and publishers, proportionally to the size of the audience and the number of times the music is played.
protect the rights of composers and songwriters
A Karaoke Club is insurable. You need General Liability Insurance. (also remember to pay you music licensing fees (BMI, ASCAP and SESAC in the US, PRS in UK)