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Inlet & exhaust valves operate in different pressure conditions. Inlet valve in NA engines (Normally aspirated engines) have to work against pressure difference of say vacuum caused by piston going down & atmospheric 1 bar pressure, ie at pressure difference of 1 bar while exhaust valve has to work against pressure of multiple times of 1 bar. So exhaust at high pressure has a tendency of getting exhaled faster.

During designing of valve size, amount of force required to operate the valves during operation is also considered so higher the area of exhaust valve higher is the force required to operate it.

Thirdly Valve overlap timing requirement & the dynamics of the flow of air and physical sizes of valve opening affects each other or dependent of each other

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Q: Why are inlet and exhaust valves different sizes?
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