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Through a process called active immunity, your body protects you from reinfection with chickenpox after you have it. Basically, your immune system fights off the virus the first time, and a few of the white blood cells remember the shape of the virus and stay in your blood. Then when you are exposed to the virus again, and it gets past your natural barriers, the white blood cells (memory cells) that remember produce antibodies more quickly to fight it off. In addition, the body produces more white blood cells that can fight the virus. Memory cells release antibodies into the bloodstream.

A vaccination works similarly; you are infected with a very mild form of the virus that allows you to build up an immunity to it.

You might think, "Well why have i gotten a cold more than once or the flu?" It's because there are MILLIONS of different types of colds and flus. Some viruses change and adapt so they can live; therefore your white blood cells do not recognize them when re-exposed. Because the flu or cold can also mutate, you can catch the same one twice but it's a slightly different virus. Because flu and cold viruses change their outer coat frequently, infection from the same stain of virus repeats rarely. RNA viruses changes there outer coats frequently compared to DNA viruses like chickenpox.

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10y ago
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9y ago

Once you have an infectious disease, you get immunity against the same. This immunity protects you from further attack from the same infectious disease.

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Q: Why if you have had an infectious disease once you are unlikely to get it again?
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