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Sodium chloride is an ionic compound which when it dissolves forms positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions, therefore, it dissolves in what are known as polar solvents, of which water is the best example; the asymetrical water molecule has a positively charged end and a negatively charged end (the two hydrogen atoms attach to the oxygen atom at roughly a 120 degree angle) and therefore there is a strong attractions that takes place between ions and water molecules, which orient themselves so that oppositely charged ends of the molecule face a given ion, creating an electrostatic attraction in accordance with Coulomb's Law. In comparison, gasoline is what is known as a non-polar solvent; the molecules do not have any charged poles, all sections of the molecule are electrically neutral, and so these molecules have no basis upon which to attract ions. Hence, the ions remain attached to each other - the solium attaching to the chlorine, in this example - rather than to gasoline molecules.

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